Abstract: The efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wounds has been clinically verified, however, its mechanism of action has not yet been fully clarified.. Further understanding of its mechanism of action can not only help to improve its design and function, but also help to further improve the clinical treatment effect. This article reviews recent advances in the study of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. The widely accepted mechanisms include reducing the number of P. aeruginosa, altering biofilm structure, affecting virulence, and inhibiting inflammatory responses, as well as assisting other antibacterial treatment methods to improve the sterilization effect, etc.