Abstract: Objective：To investigate the effect of iron sucrose (IS) on perioperative anemia patients undergoing secondary thoracotomy. Methods：The clinical data of 58 consecutive patients undergoing rethoracotomy after cardiac surgery between March 2015 and March 2018 at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into IS group and control group, with 29 patients in each group. The patients in the IS group were treated with IS (intravenously drip, 300 mg/30 min). The patients in the control group were treated with oral chalybeate and dietary adjustment. The hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), intraoperative blood loss, erythrocyte transfusion, average hospital stay, and average hospital cost were analyzed. Results：There was no statistic difference in Hb and RBC on the first day after operation and hospital discharge, and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences in erythrocyte transfusion (［2.9±3.9］ U vs ［5.0±3.1］ U, P=0.031), average hospital stay (［8.2±5.3］ d vs ［7.1±3.8］ d, P=0.043), and average hospital cost (［14 8271.1±81 233.8］ yuan vs ［121 673.2±79 291.1］ yuan, P=0.034) between the two groups. Conclusions：IS is helpful to improve perioperative anemia of patients undergoing secondary thoracotomy after cardiac surgery, reduce perioperative blood transfusion rate of patients, and reduce hospitalization cost of patients.