Abstract: Objective：To explore the effects of ultrasound combined with microbubble technology on the changes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VEMCs) in Takayasu arteritis (TA), and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment. Methods：Primary VEMCs in three different phases, including the TA proliferative progression phase, inflammatory sclerosis phase, and post-percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) restenosis phase, were obtained during surgery. Microbubbles with targeted functions were specifically bind to cells via the coupling-specific antibodies. The optimum ultrasound conditions, which consisted of ultrasound irradiation for 150 s and 24 h incubation, were determined and used in the subsequent experiments. Results：Significant differences were observed for the cell viability among cells of the three different phases (P<0.01). The cells in the post-PTA restenosis phase were more sensitive to the treatment than those in other two phases (P<0.05), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity in the cell culture medium from the ultrasound-microbubble combined group was significantly increased (P<0.01), while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Apoptosis levels were significantly increased in the ultrasound-microbubble group (P<0.01). Conclusions：Ultrasound-microbubble combination therapy is more effective for the treatment of post-PTA restenosis, and targeted microbubbles could significantly enhance the VEMCs apoptosis.