Abstract: The mechanism of the development of intracranial aneurysm is not clear, which is possibly related to endothelial injury, endothelial inflammation, vascular smooth muscle abnormality, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell apoptosis and vascular wall loss. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor CXCR4 play important roles in many biological processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, immunity, hematopoiesis, and neurogenesis. SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis exerts chemotactic effect on inflammatory cells, which could promote the angiogenesis of nourishing blood vessel in the aneurysm walls, and accelerates the homing of primordial or progenitor cells, and these are closely related to the formation, development, rupture, and repair of intracranial aneurysm.