Abstract: Objective：To explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of orosomucoid 1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) gene and asthma induced by mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) in children. Methods：Two hundred patients aged 3-12 years with MP were enrolled in this study. The children were followed up for more than 1 year, then classified into asthmatic group and non-asthmatic group. The genotype distributions of ORMDL3 gene at rs4794820 and rs7216389 loci in the two groups of children were analyzed. Results：Because of 6 cases were lost in follow-up, 194 cases with MP infection were finally enrolled in this study, in which the males were about 2.3 times as much as the females. About 32.5% (63/194) children with asthma caused by MP. There was no significant difference in age distribution between asthmatic group and non-asthmatic group. There were significant differences in genotype and allele frequency of ORMDL3 rs4794820 and rs7216389 loci between asthmatic group and non-asthmatic group (P<0.05), respectively. The rs4794820 GG genotype and rs7216389 TT genotype of ORMDL3 gene were the risk factors for children with asthma (OR=2.036,95%CI 1.104-3.754,χ2=5.258,P=0.022;OR=2.274,95%CI 1.221-4.236,χ2=6.841,P=0.009). In addition, the proportion of serum IgE elevated in asthmatic group was higher than that in non-asthmatic group (P<0.05). Conclusions：The SNPs of ORMDL3 gene is associated with MP-associated asthma in children,and rs4794820 GG genotype and rs7216389 TT genotype as well as the elevated serum IgE level are the risk factors for asthma caused by MP in children.