Abstract: Objective: To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of health education and pelvic muscle training on postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction. Methods:A total of 312 full-term single-fetus primiparas, who came to Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University for further consultation 42 days after delivery, were enrolled from Jan. 2015 to Mar. 2015. And they were divided into exercise group and control group according to whether they had received health education and pelvic floor muscle exercise during pregnancy and puerperium.There were 64 cases in exercise group and 248 cases in control group. The pelvic floor muscle strength testing, pelvic organ prolapse quantitation(POP-Q) score, urine pad test, and questionnaire of sexual life quality were conducted. And they were conducted again six months after delivery. Results:Six months after delivery, the pelvic floor muscle strength, occurrence rate of pelvic organ prolapse and sexual quality of life in exercise group were all significantly better than those in control group (P<0.05),however there was no significant difference regarding the positive rate of urine pad test.There was no significant difference regarding all those measures 42 days after delivery. Conclusions:Health education and pelvic muscle training is conducive to prevent and treat postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction.