Abstract: Objective： To investigate the change of serum sex hormone levels and the sexual function in patients with obstructive azoospermia after testicular sperm aspiration. Methods： By using the self-control method, the serum sex hormone levels and the sexual function of patients with obstructive azoospermia were compared before and after testicular sperm aspiration. Results： Three months after testicular puncture, the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels increased, but the difference was not statistically significant. Serum total testosterone (TT), testosterone secretion index (TSI; TSI=TT/LH) and free testosterone index (FTI; FTI=TT/SHBG) values declined after puncture, but the differences were not statistically significant. International index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) score did not decrease significantly. Conclusions： Testicular sperm aspiration does little harm to patients with obstructive azoospermia and has little effect on their sexual functions in the short term.