Abstract: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP) is a severe and irreversible complication following radiotherapy for breast cancer. As treatment options are limited, prevention and long-term management are key to reducing the disability rate associated with RIBP and improving patients’quality of life. This article presents a retrospective analysis of the clinical course of a female breast cancer patient who presented to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Shanghai Jing’an District Central Hospital with RIBP-related symptoms 11 years after radical mastectomy and two courses of radiotherapy. The patient had experienced limited benefit from brachial plexus neurolysis; following admission, she received comprehensive rehabilitation care comprising joint stretching, exercises to maintain residual muscle strength, occupational therapy, gabapentin for pain relief, desensitisation training and protection of the affected limb. Upon discharge, her pain had decreased from an numerical rating scale of 5 to 2–3, and there was improvement in passive range of motion at the shoulder and elbow joints as well as in activities of daily living; however, no significant recovery was observed in grip strength or sensory deficits. Based on this case and the literature, this article discusses the early identification, differential diagnosis and comprehensive rehabilitation management of RIBP following re-radiotherapy for breast cancer, with the aim of providing reference for clinical practice.