Objective To explore the efficacy of atezolizumab combined with albumin paclitaxel in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by conventional Doppler ultrasound.

Methods The data of patients with TNBC treated in Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 1, 2019 to September 30, 2021 were collected and divided into observation group and control group according to the treatment regimen. The observation group was treated with atezolizumab combined with albumin paclitaxel (A+nP) and the control group was treated with placebo combined with albumin paclitaxel (P+nP). The clinical effectiveness of the two groups were compared, including overall survival (OS) and incidence of adverse events. Conventional Doppler ultrasound was used to observe the imaging features of the lesions of the two groups, and the changes of ultrasonic features of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.

Results A total of 250 patients were included, including 109 patients in the observation group (A+nP) and 141 patients in the control group (P+nP). There was no significant difference in age and course of disease between the two groups. Compared with P+nP group, OS in A+nP group was significantly prolonged (5.7±0.83 months vs 7.1±0.91 months, P < 0.001). The incidences of cough, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, fever and hypothyroidism in A+nP group were lower than those in P+nP group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in ultrasonic imaging characteristics between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the proportion of tumor ≤ 2 cm in A+nP group was higher than that in P+nP group, the proportion of irregular shape of mass was lower than that in P+nP group, the incidence of clear boundary of mass was higher than that in P+nP group, and the incidence of axillary abnormal lymph nodes was lower than that in P+nP group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions Atezolizumab combined with albumin paclitaxel is effective and safe in the treatment of TNBC, and conventional Doppler ultrasonography is an effective method to evaluate the efficacy of TNBC, which is worthy of further clinical promotion.