Abstract: Sperm optimization is the key to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and is extremely important to improve the success rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Studies have confirmed that steps such as centrifugation in routine semen processing methods may lead to higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage sperm DNA. In the natural state, sperm needs to overcome a series of anatomical barriers in the female reproductive tract and migrates through "microchannels" formed by mucus. The microfluidic chip, characterized by miniaturization and automation, can simulate the process of natural selection in the female reproductive tract, and optimally obtain high-quality sperm from the original semen, which is important for improving IVF efficiency and improving pregnancy outcome. This review focuses on the recent advances in sperm optimization implemented in microfluidic chips and provides an outlook of its clinical application.