Abstract: Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal malignancies. Surgery plays an important role in the multidisciplinary treatment strategy for locally advanced esophageal cancer, which has been proved by several clinical trials. With the development and advancement in preoperative diagnosis, adjuvant treatment, surgical methods and postoperative management, more and more patients with esophageal cancer benefit from surgery. There are some differences in the treatment strategies of esophageal cancer between the East and the West countries. As countries with high prevalence of esophageal cancer, China and Japan are more focused on surgical thoroughness in the comprehensive treatment. This paper discusses four related topics of esophagectomy, and reviews the current situation and future prospects of multidisciplinary treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer, in order to provide reference for more effective tumor control, better survival rate and favorable prognosis for these patients.