Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene and susceptibility to Henoch-Schönlein purpura and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in children.

Methods A total of 174 children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura were selected as the case group, and 162 healthy children who underwent physical examination at the same time were selected as the control group. According to their clinical symptoms, patients were divided into the simple group, joint group, abdominal group, and mixed groups. According to whether complicated with renal damage during the follow-up, patients were divided into non-nephritis group and nephritis group. The rs1143627 locus of the IL-1β gene was targeted and captured by the M-PCR method. All samples were sequenced by the high-throughput sequencing technique, and the correlations of the sequencing data and the different groups were analyzed.

Results There was no significant difference in rs1143627 genotype and allele among different clinical symptom groups, but there were significant differences in rs1143627 genotype GG and allele G between the case group and control group, and the non-nephritis group and nephritis group.

Conclusions rs1143627 gene polymorphism is associated with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and renal involvement. Allele G may be the susceptible gene of Henoch-Schönlein purpura and is related to the occurrence of Henoch-Schönle purpura nephritis in children.