Abstract: Coronary microcirculation dysfunction, which may lead or contribute to myocardial ischemia in some cases, is one of the cardiovascular risk factors, and is often associated with adverse outcomes in patients. However, currently, due to the lack of standardized definition and specific diagnostic methods, coronary microvascular diseases were only treated empirically. This review focuses on related physiological indices, main techniques and their application prospects in assessing coronary microcirculation function.