Abstract: There was no significant difference between the imaging findings of pulmonary infection caused by Pseudoalis and Aspergillus, but the drug sensitivity was different. Therefore, the identification of bacteria was of great significance to guide clinical treatment. This study reported a case of cough, expectoration with chest tightness in an elderly woman with a history of asthma. The imaging manifestation was pulmonary cavity. The patient was diagnosed as Pseudoaleichthyosis baumannii infection by sputum culture test and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). There is no report on the diagnosis of this disease by mNGS at home and abroad. This case provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infection.