Abstract: Objective：To explore the effects of resistance training on cognitive function of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in China. Methods：A total of 90 patients from Chronic Disease Management System of Medical Association in Jing’an District of Shanghai were selected. Under the guidance, the patients underwent resistance exercise training weekly using bioDensity TM machine, including four maximal active stretching activities. Each activity lasted for 5 seconds after reaching the maximum threshold, and the training lasted for 6 months. During the program period, patients were required to maintain a regular diet and medication. The cognitive function was assessed by MoCA score assessment at baseline and followed up after 6 month progressive resistance training program. The data of MoCA score was compared by paired t test before and after training. Results：A total of 80 patients eventually finished the training, while 10 patients dropped out or changed the treatment methods. MoCA score increased after training than that before training (26.75±4.21 vs 24.54±4.32, P<0.000 1). Conclusions：Progressive resistance training via bioDensity TM once a week could improve the cognitive function of Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.