Abstract: Objective：To investigate the changes and significance of NK cells, T lymphocyte subsets, and related cytokines in peripheral blood of children with enteroviral encephalitis (EVE). Methods：A total of 136 children with EVE hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Henan Children’s Hospital from October 2015 to October 2017 were selected as EVE group, and were divided into the good prognosis subgroup and the poor prognosis subgroup according to the prognosis after symptomatic treatment. And 90 healthy children were selected as the control group. Changes of T lymphocyte subsets, NK cells, and cytokines were compared between the two groups. Results：Numbers of CD4+T cells and NK cells, and CD4+〖KG-*3〗/CD8+ ratio in EVE group were lower than those in the control group, while the number of CD8+T cells was higher than that in the control group. The IL2 level in EVE group was lower than that in the control group, while levels of IL6 and TNFα were higher than those in the control group. Among the 136 children with EVE, 122 cases (89.71%) had good prognosis and 14 cases (10.29%) had poor prognosis. Number of CD4+T cells and NK cells, and CD4+〖KG-*3〗/CD8+ ratio in the good prognosis group were higher than those in the poor prognosis group, while the number of CD8+ T cells was lower than that in the poor prognosis group (P＜0.05). The IL2 level in good prognosis group was higher than that in the control group, while levels of IL6 and TNFα were lower than those in the poor prognosis group (P<0.01). Conclusions：Children with EVE had immune dysfunction and high levels of IL6 and TNFα. Besides, immune dysfunction is more obvious in patients with poor prognosis.