Abstract: Objective：To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Tangqiao community in Pudong New Area in Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of infants IDA. Methods：A retrospective survey was conducted on the records of systematic health checkups of all infants born during the period from January 2010 to December 2015 in Tangqiao Community, Pudong New District, Shanghai. Results：A total of 1 026 infants were investigated. The prevalence of infants IDA in Tangqiao Community was 14.62%, and there was no difference between the prevalences in boys and girls. IDA infants aged 0-6 months, 6-12 months, and 12-24 months accounted for 7.33%, 74.00%, and 18.67% of the total number of IDA infants, respectively. Anemia infants had a later weaning time and a later complementary feeding time than the non anemia ones (all P<0.01). The prevalence was higher in preterm infants, those weaned over 4 months and starting complementary feeding after 6 months (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that premature birth (OR=3.781) and a longer exclusive breast feeding time (OR=1.102) were risk factors of IDA, whereas first birth (OR=0.414) and mixed feeding within 4 months (OR=0.209) were protective factors of IDA. Conclusions：The prevalence of infants IDA in Tangqiao Community is relatively high. It is suggested to strengthen health education for pregnant women in the perinatal period in the community so as to reduce the occurrence of premature birth. As measures to prevent IDA, emphasis should be placed on the rational feeding of infants and young children of specific groups (premature infants, second children, and those aged 6-12 months), timely weaning and addition of supplementary food.