Abstract: Objective：To carry out preoperative nutritional risk screening for inpatient to understand their nutritional risk status, and to explore the relationship between postoperative nutritional support and related clinical outcomes. Methods：A total of 378 patients in the Third Ward of Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, completed NRS 2002 scoring within 48 h after admission. The patients with NRS scores more than 3 points were judged to have nutritional risk, and they were divided into nutrition support group (114 cases) and non-nutrition support group (60 cases) according to whether or not to accept the nutrition support. According to the doctor’s advice, the data of nutrition support were obtained, the related clinical outcomes were recorded twice a week, and the relationship between them was analyzed. The influencing factors of hospitalization costs and infectious complications were analyzed. Results：Among the 378 inpatients, the nutritional risk rate was 50.53%. Of the 174 patients enrolled in the cohort study, the nutritional support rate was 65.52% (114/174). The difference of hospitalization time between the nutrition support group and the non-nutrition support group was statistically significant (P=0.028). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the hospitalization costs. The incidence of infectious complications (P=0.034) and the total complication rate (P=0.012) in the nutrition support group were lower than those in the non-nutrition support group. Disease score and nutrition support were the influencing factors of the incidence of infectious complications (P<0.10). Hospitalization days, disease score and nutrition score were the influencing factors of hospitalization costs (P<0.10). Conclusions：General surgery patients have higher nutrition risks, and nutrition support can reduce infectious complications, total complications and shorten hospital stay. NRS 2002 has a superior ability of predicting clinical outcomes.