Abstract: Platelets are important blood cells, which are derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes, mainly involved in hemostasis, coagulation, thrombosis, graft rejection, maintaining vasculature balance, and maintaining homeostasis. Platelets are also associated with a variety of cells and cytokines and are involved in cascade inflammatory responses, and then promote the formation of atherosclerosis. The functions of platelets are achieved by a variety of surface receptors, intracellular signal transduction molecules, and a variety of cytokines. The research and application of platelets and related molecules are very important to elucidate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and have potential application prospects in monitoring the occurrence and development of cardiovascular events.