Abstract: Objective：To explore specific indications of RH blood group incompatibility during perinatal period for effective prevention and timely treatment of haemolytic disease of fetus and newborn. Methods：46 maternal-fetal Rhesus incompatible newborns in recent three years were collected in southwest hospital of Army Medical University of PLA. A retrospective analysis of hemolysis-related indicators during perinatal period was performed between sensitized group and non-sensitized group, groups with blood transfusions and without blood transfusion, including anti-D antibody titre, hemoglobin, dynamical serum bilirubin value and so on. The clinical significance in the detected indexes were studied for treatment and the further preventions the associated complications. Results：Of 46 infants, 14 with severe anemia and/or hyperbilirubinemia treated by in-time exchange transfusion (ET) and plasma transfusion. 12 infants of hyperbilirubinemia without obvious signs of hemolysis received complex management such as phototherapy, intravenous fluids and health support but ET. 20 infants without existing alloantibodies didn't need any specific treatment. There were statistical differences in anti-D antibody titre, gestational age at birth, hemoglobin, serum - bilirubin, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme among three groups (P<0.05). Conclusions：Intensive monitoring hematolytic indicators such as maternal anti-D antibody, fetal/neonatal hemoglobin and bilirubin can help find out newborns with severe alloimmune hemolytic disease and treat them timely.