Abstract: Objective：To investigate the safety of simultaneous resection of patients suffering with synchronous primary esophageal carcinoma and primary lung cancer. Methods：Seven patients meeting the following diagnostic criteria: histologically. All patients underwent radical resection of esophageal carcinoma, and simultaneously underwent radical resection of lung cancer. Surgical effect and sufety were observed. Results：There were 6 male patients and 1 female patient in all the 7 patients. The mean age was （61±7.26） years old.The average preoperative FEV1 was (2.50±0.63) L, the average FEV1 / FVC was (84.18±18.74)%, and the mean LVEF was (64.83±4.02)%.All of the 7 patients successfully underwent radical resection for esophageal carcinoma and pneumonectomy. The upper abdomen and right thoracotomy incision was performed in 5 cases, and the left thoracic incision in 2 cases.The site of surgical incision was determined by the location of lung tumor.The average intraoperative blood loss was (157.14±53.45) mL. All the patients recovered well after operation. There were no serious or deadly operative complications such as tracheoesophageal fistula and bronchopleural fistula.The average postoperative hospital stay was (11.7±1.98) days. Conclusions：Simultaneous surgical resection does not increase the surgical complications and is a safe treatment of patients with synchronous primary esophageal carcinoma and lung cancer. Good preoperative cardiopulmonary function may be a key factor affecting the safety of surgery.