Abstract: Amongst the survivors of an episode of acute kidney injury, there is an increasing understanding of longterm consequences that may include the development of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the progression from CKD to endstage renal disease (ESRD). The underlying mechanism include maladaptive repair of tubular epithelial cells, immune inflammation overactivation, capillary rarefaction, oxidative stress, etc. As the understanding of the mechanism of chronic outcome after acute kidney injury, the related new intervention targets and strategies have appeared in recent years which create a good prospect for human beings to conquer the problem of poor prognosis of acute renal injury.