Abstract: The pathogenesis of essential hypertension is complicated, involving both genetic susceptibility and environmental stimuli. Accumulating evidence demonstrate most essential hypertention result from dysfunction of pressure regulation, due to strong elevated effects mainly, stronger than body abilities to balance blood pressure. Sympathetic nerves tension, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and renal water-sodium retention is the major role in raising blood pressure, and sympathetic nerves activity is the ligament among three. Abnormal activated sympathetic nerves or increased aldosterone secretion are initial factors of causing hypertention has been well received. Abnormal activation of sympathetic nerves may be partly due to coupling sympathetic nerves structure change with function strengthen, or decreased innate inhibition ability among sympathetic nerves each other.