Abstract: Objective：To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin -33 (IL-33) levels in patients with different levels of bronchial asthma control. Methods：A total of 90 cases of asthma patients treated in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Jiao Tong Hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected. According to the level of asthma control, the patients were divided into three subgroups: the uncontrolled group, the partly controlled group and the controlled group, with 30 cases in each group. Another 30 cases of healthy subjects formed the healthy group. The levels of IL-18 and IL-33 in the serum of each group were detected by ELISA, and the pulmonary ventilation function was measured in patients with asthma. Results：The levels of IL-18 and IL-33 in the serum of the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (P＜0.05). The levels of IL-18 and IL-33 in the uncontrolled group and the partly controlled group were significantly higher than those in the controlled group (P＜0.05). The two indexes in the uncontrolled group were significantly higher than those in the partly controlled group (P＜0.05). There was no statistical difference between IL-18 and IL-33 in the controlled group and the healthy group (P>0.05). In the asthma group, FEV1%pred was negatively correlated with the level of IL-18 in the serum (P＜0.05), but not correlated with IL-33. The expression levels of IL-18 and IL-33 in each subgroup of asthma were not correlated with FEV1%pred. Conclusions：The serum levels of IL18 and IL33 are correlated with the level of asthma control.