The adverse events management of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer

Anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) antibodies have been applied in the clinical treatment of a variety of tumors, including advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), and have achieved significant efficacy. Meanwhile, PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies also result in many adverse effects (AEs), such as rush, diarrhea, liver dysfunction and so on. This paper briefly reviews efficacy and AEs of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies monotherapy and combination therapy in BTC, and tries to formulate strategies of AEs management.