The progress in the diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis

Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a restrictive cardiomyopathy in which transthyretin is deposited in the myocardial interstitium, resulting in heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and conduction block. Its clinical manifestations are diverse and non-specific, and misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis often occurr. With the development of relevant research and technology, multimodality imaging techniques such as electrocardiogram, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, radionuclide imaging could provide more valid information for its diagnosis. Genetic testing is clinically used to distinguish its subtypes. Although the overall prognosis of the disease is poor, with the continuous research on its pathogenesis, effective treatment methods have been developed and the therapeutic efficacy is getting better and better.  Early recognition and diagnosis were essential for treatment of the disease. This review focused on the latest advances in diagnosis of ATTR-CA.