Progress in diagnosis and treatment of intracranial gliosarcoma

Gliosarcoma (GSM) is a variant of glioblastoma (GBM), which is the most malignant subtype glioma in the WHO pathological grade (WHO grade Ⅳ). The characteristic of GSM is that its tissue contains two components: glioma and sarcoma. GSM is divided into two subtypes: primary and secondary. GSM is usually treated by total surgical resection, radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, but the therapeutic effect is not exact. It is reported that the treatment scheme is similar to that of GBM cases, but with different treatment outcomes. This review summarizes the biological characteristics, imaging findings, treatment and prognosis of GSM cases.