Advances in surface modification of orthopaedic implants for anti-infection and osseointegration

The two leading causes of failure for joint arthroplasty prostheses or internal fixation are implantassociated infection and aseptic loosening, which have been great challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. Since strong osseointegration and prevention of infection are both required to achieve longterm success of the implant, in this review we discuss recent progress in surface modification of orthopaedic implants that can inhibit microbial cells, as well as related strategies of promoting osseointegration, and provide innovation for future researches.