Progress in minimally invasive treatment of spastic lower limb paralysis

Spastic lower limb paralysis is a common complication following central nervous system injury, including stroke, cerebral palsy, and brain or spinal cord trauma, with high incidence and complex conditions. In recent years, minimally invasive treatment techniques have rapidly advanced, offering new avenues to improve motor function and quality of life for these patients. However, clinical decision-making involves multidisciplinary input, such as rehabilitation, neurosurgery, orthopedics, and standardized treatment guidelines are lacking. This review systematically summarizes commonly used minimally invasive treatments for spastic lower limb paralysis, including their mechanisms, indications, efficacy, and limitations, and compares findings from domestic and international studies. The aim is to provide guidance for clinical decision-making, optimize treatment strategies, and promote development of individualized therapies.