| 摘要: |
| 近年来，随着检测技术的发展与环境的变化，非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）的检出率持续升高，在一些地区甚至超过了结核分枝杆菌(MTB)。NTM能感染人体各部位，其中以肺部感染最多见，称为NTM肺病。由于该病常引起与结核病相似的中毒症状，故常被误诊为结核病。然而两者的治疗方案不同。因此，快速准确地鉴定NTM对疾病的早期诊断和早期治疗十分重要。细菌涂片及细菌培养灵敏度低且耗时长。随着分子诊断技术的发展，实时荧光聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、DNA测序、基因芯片技术（GCT）等新兴技术被用于NTM的鉴定。本文主要就NTM的感染现状与诊断方法的研究进展作一综述。 |
| 关键词: 非结核分枝杆菌 诊断 分子诊断 聚合酶链反应 现状 进展 |
| DOI：10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2023.20220559 |
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| Infection status and diagnostic methods progress of nontuberculous mycobacteria |
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CAI Hui-jun, TANG Zheng-hao
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Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
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| Abstract: |
| In recent years, with the development of detection technology and environmental changes, the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) continues to increase, and even exceeds that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in some regions. NTM can infect various parts of the human body, among which lung infection is the most common, called NTM lung disease. Because the disease often causes tuberculosis poisoning symptoms similar to tuberculosis, it is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. However, the treatment regimens are obviously different, so it is very important to identify NTM quickly and accurately for early diagnosis and treatment of NTB infections. Traditional methods such as bacterial smear and bacterial culture are insensitive and time-consuming. With the development of molecular diagnostic technology, new technologies such as real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), DNA sequencing, gene chip technology (GCT) have been used for identifying and distinguishing NTM. This article mainly summarizes the current status and the diagnosis methods of NTM infection. |
| Key words: nontuberculous mycobacteria diagnosis molecular diagnosis polymerase chain reaction current status progress |
